中世纪政治思想的基本特征有哪些-无忧在线题库-无忧题库

中世纪政治思想的基本特征有哪些

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2020-06-06 09:00:19

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参考答案：中世纪的政治思想表现出以下的基本特征：首先，政治思想以神学的形式表现出来，这是西欧中世纪政治思想的突出特征。基督教神学思想的统治在政治上的表现是神学政治观。神学政治观以《圣经》为信仰的绝对权威，作为人们首要的行为规范和道德标准；主张王权神授，教权高于王权。第二，世俗国家...

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科目：中外政治思想史

学科：公共管理

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Building a house costs quite a lot of money．Suppose you plan to build a house．Your first step will be to find a right piece of land．Your choice will depend on many different things．You will probably try to find a sunny place, with pleasant surroundings(环境) near shops and bus stops, not too far from your friends and the place where you work．Next you will find a good builder, and together with the builder you will work out a plan．The builder will draw the plan．It will show the number of rooms, their position and size, and other parts, which must be noticed, such as windows, doors, and electric outlets．The builder will work out how much money is needed to build your house．He will work out the cost of the wood, bricks, the glass, and everything else that must be used in building the house．Later on, when he starts to build, this estimate(预算)must be corrected and revised(修订)．His estimate is based on existing prices, but prices of such things may change, and many other things may happen between the time when he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house．When the builder gives his estimate, you may wish to change your plan．(You may also wish to change your builder, if his estimate is too high!)You may find that the house you wanted at first costs too much, or that you can spend a little more and add something to your plan．The builder's estimate depends on the plan, but the final plan depends on the builder's estimate． 1．The best title of this passage would be “ ”．A．Building a House Costs Much MoneyB．Estimate Is ImportantC．Planning a House2．The first thing for a person to build a house is ．A．to get as much money as possibleB．to find a suitable piece of landC．to work out a plan3． The phrase “draw a plan” in this passage means ． A．making a picture of a building or a room B．making a plan C．working out a plan4．When the builder starts to build a house, his estimate will have to be corrected and revised because ．A．it is wrongly worked out by a workmanB．the future owner of the house thinks the estimate is so high that he cannot afford the building．C．The prices of building materials and the expenses(费用)of labor may be different from theoriginal prices and expenses5．What is the relationship(关系)between the estimate and the plan? A．The plan depends on the estimate．B．The plan has nothing to do with the estimate．C．The estimate and the plan depend on each other．

When Dr. Robert Metcalf first used a solar cooker, the future changed for millions of Africans. He knew that billions of poor people around the world depend on the use of wood for cooking. As they take more and more firewood from wild areas. They are destroying habitats around the world. Wood collection is one reason why many animals have become endangered.“But sunshine can be an alternative to fire.” Dr. Metcalf says. Since his first solar cooked meal, he has helped people around the world to use simple new technologies to cook their food.Each morning in villages across East Africa, small children and their mothers wake up and walk several miles to collect firewood to cook their food. It takes much of the day, and the heavy firewood they carry home on their heads lasts only a few days.This is why Dr. Metcalf spends each summer in Africa. He teaches women and children in villages how to cook with the sun. So far, more than thirty thousand African families now have solar cookers, and new programs will introduce solar cookers to millions of families.To find water, women and children may have to walk long distance to dig holes in dry riverbeds or to gather water from streams and shallow wells.They fill their buckets（桶）and carry them home on their heads. The buckets often weigh asmuch as forty pounds. Not only is finding water hard work, but the water is often polluted withgerms（细菌）that make people sick.Dr. Metcalf and others developed a simple，reusable tool that people can use to make sure their water is safe to drink．The tool is calked a WAPI，which stands for “Water Pasteurization Indicator”. The pasteurization process is named after Louis Pasteur，who developed it in the 1800s.1．Why did Metcalf help Africans use solar cookers?A．He wanted to help them to fight poverty．B．He found it a dangerous job to collect firewood．C．He realized using firewood is not good for the environment．2．The underlined word “it” in the third paragraph probably refers to""．A．collecting firewood B．cooking foodC．cooking with the sun 3．Each summer Metcalf stays in Africa to A. do research on waterB. take care of sick peopleC. spread the technique of using solar cookers4．Water Pasteurization Indicator was developed to A. kill the bacteria in waterB. honor Louis PasteurC. make waste water reusable 5．It can be inferred from tile passage that A．Africans find it hard to learn to use solar cookersB．women and children in Africa usually lead a hard lifeC．the water Africans drink is not clean though it is easy to get

The world’s longest high-speed railway route, running from Beijing to Guangzhou, has been in operation for a few years. It cuts travel time between the two cities from 22 hours to only 8 hours. With comfortable seats and quiet cabins, this high-speed line offers a pleasant journey for thousands of travelers.The high speed railway connects Beijing with five provincial capitals. Part of the line, from Zhengzhou to Guangzhou, was in operation before the whole line was connected. The opening of the Beijing to Zhengzhou section has connected the entire line. It covers a total length of 2,298 kilometers.The Beijing-Guangzhou line connects one third of China’s population and more than 40 percent of its economic power. Travelers benefit from the efficient network, and find that their hometowns are not that far away.As the American publication Newsweek puts it: China is now engaged in a “railway revolution”. These 350 kilometer per hour high-speed railway trains have made the country’s vast territory “substantially smaller”, and changed the country economically. 1.The world’s longest high-speed railway route, running from Beijing to Guangzhou, has been in operation for a few years.2.It cuts travel time between the two cities from 22 hours to only 6 hours.3. The opening of the Beijing to Zhengzhou section has linked with the total route.4.The Beijing-Guangzhou line connects one third of China’s population and more than 40 percent of its economic power.5.These 350 kilometer per hour high-speed railway trains have made the country’s vast territory “considerably smaller”, and changed the country economically.

In recent years, the Chinese auto industry has seen rapid growth, with the demand on private cars rising sharply in Chinese cities since 2002.By 2009, China has replaced the U.S. to become the world’s largest auto market. As an important part of the world car industry, the global auto industry will shift further to China. This brings historical opportunity to China’s auto market. Currently, both the development of China’s auto market and the changes in consumer demand for vehicles are ever-increasing. China’s auto industry will continue to grow in the next decade. It means there is still huge room for its development. China has an urban population of more than 600 million. It also has a huge agricultural vehicle market in the rural areas. Hence, there is no doubt for China’s development of auto industry. That is also the reason why the world’s auto producers are paying more attention to the Chinese market.1.The demand on private cars increased greatly in Chinese cities since 2002.2. China has become the world’s largest auto market3. China’s auto industry tends to decrease in the next decade.4. China has an urban population of less than 600 million.5. The reason why the world’s auto producers are paying more attention to the Chinese market is that China’s auto industry developed very quickly.

Air pollutionPeople and air pollution are often in the same places. This means that cities with large populations have the biggest problem of dirty air. Air pollution is caused by many different things. A major kind of air pollution is the gas from cars. Statistics (统计资料) show that 93 percent of all auto trips are within cities.Another major kind of dirty air is the burning of coal and oil for energy. This energy is needed to make electricity. Of course, much more electricity is used in the city than in the country.On the average, we throw away more rubbish than the year before. The burning of rubbish makes air pollution even worse. Many major industries are also responsible for the dirty air in the around cities. The fumes (烟) from iron, steel, chemical, and petrol production add particles (微粒) to the air.The effects of air pollution range from mild headaches to death. The levels of pollution found in heavy traffic may cause headaches for loss of clear vision. Wherever coal and oil are used for fuel, fumes may kill trees and plants and cause metal to corrode (腐蚀). In some of the larger cities, these fumes endanger the lives of human beings by contributing to lung diseases and causing early death.1. The key point of the passage is that .A．the cause of air pollution is peopleB．the causes and the effects of air pollution are both found in citiesC．the effects of air pollution range from headaches to death2. What is the purpose of this passage? A．to persuade people to stop polluting the airB．to tell the causes of air pollutionC．to tell why cities are bad places to live3. Why is air pollution more grave in the city than in the country? A．Because there are larger populations in cities.B．Because the air in the city is dirty.C．Because there are much more gas fumes from cars and burning of coal and oil for energy in the city than in the country.4. The fumes from coal and oil may cause metal A．to corrode B．to twist C．to turn black5. In larger cities, the fumes from coal and oil may contribute to.A．heart disease B．loss of clear vision C．lung diseases

Of all the websites, one that has attracted attention recently is my space.com. Most of this attention has come from the hacks is indeed a tough reality, shutting down the site is not the answer. If my space.com shut down, another site would place. Therefore, the right way is to teach teens how to use the site safely and educate them .One of the good way is to change the privacy setting on your profile to “private” actually post their home and school addresses, date of birth, and so on, often predators know exactly where they will be The most information that is safe is your first name and province. Anything more is basically life.Another big problem is photos. I suggest skipping photos and never posting a photo of a friend online without his or her how well you think you know this person. There are no guarantees that they have told the truth.1. Most of this attention has come from the hacks is indeed a tough reality, shutting down the site is not the answer. 2. One of the good way is to change the privacy setting on your profile to “private” actually post their home and school addresses, date of birth, and so on. 3. If my space.com shut down, another site would place. Therefore, the right way is to teach teens how to use the site safely and educate them . 4. Another big problem is photos. I suggest skipping photos and posting a photo of a friend online without his or her how well you think you know this person.5. There are no guarantees that they have told the truth.

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A 4 year Kid, who does not know what an Email or a Chat App is, prays to God: “Hey, Lord, Please make me a smartphone”. This young kid is asking such a wish from God, because he sees that his parents at home are completely glued to this magical device called smartphone and has no time to look up at him. The smartphone is getting more attention in the house than the child. His parents are present there physically, but their minds are somewhere else.It’s so true that this device has become an inseparable part of our day to day life, and we are addicted to it. We will start feeling restless if we do not look to our phone after a few minutes. We react faster to a phone beep or a message compared to a call by a family member from a different room. We all need to come out of this head-down syndrome. We all need to connect and communicate in real world. We need to put this technology to good use and not become a slave. So what shall we do? It’s simple: the solution is called “digital break”. This means, when you return home from work, you simply turn off or mute all your digital devices for a few hours every day, or at least once in a while. What do you do then? You can share your time with the family, chatting with your wife or husband, playing games with your kids, doing things with other family members, etc. in real life. You will soon realize the world outside the smartphone is much more enjoyable1. The kid is 5 years old. 2. The kid asked God for a smartphone. 3. Smartphones have become an inseparable part of our daily life. 4. We all need to connect and communicate in virtual world. 5. The only solution to the head-down syndrome is called “digital break.

You can go to Mobile Joker Store, ______ is the nearest mobile phone store from here.

We support the view that poor management will ______ business failure.