Just because they can't sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn't mean that animals don't have cul...-无忧在线题库-无忧题库

Just because they can't sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn't mean that animals don't have culture. There's no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most【C1】predators (食肉动物), killer whales may not fit the【C2】of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly【C3】behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.
   The word " culture" comes from the Latin " colere," which【C4】means " to cultivate. " In other words, it refers to anything that is【C5】or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic【C6】that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to【C7】in their cold climate.
   Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different【C8】across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet with an empire that【C9】from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey (猎物). This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to【C10】that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals'genetic development.
   A) acquired I) image
   B) adaptations J) literally
   C) brutal K) refined
   D) deliberately L) revolves
   E) expressed M) speculate
   F) extends N) structure
   G) habitats O) thrive
   F) extends N) structure
   H) humble

问答题

2021-06-03 12:00:52

02975

参考答案：1【C1】标准答案：C知识点解析：形容词辨析题。空格前面是表示形容词最高级的the most，后面是名词predators，因此本空应填入形容词。空格所在处意思是“作为最______食肉动物”，主语是killer whales。由名字killer whales可以推断这种动物很凶残，而且下一句提到these beasts of the sea，由beasts也可以得出同样的推测。因此，本空应填人含有“凶猛、凶残”意义的形容词，故C)brutal“野蛮的，凶残的”为本题答案。其他备选形容词均没有“凶猛、凶残”的意义，因此排除。2【C2】标准答案：I知识点解析：名词辨析题。空格前面是冠词the，后面是介词of，因此应填人名词。空格所在处句子意思是“虎鲸也许不符合有文化的生物的______”。前半句说虎鲸是最凶残的食肉动物，所以它不像是有文化的生物。由此可知本空应填入含有“描述、形象”意义的名词，因此I)image“形象；印象”为本题答案。其他备选名词均没有“描述、形象”的意义，因此排除。3【C3】标准答案：K知识点解析：形容词辨析题。空格前面是副词highly，后面是名词behaviors，因此本空应填人形容词作定语。空格所在句意思是“但是，这些海中猛兽确实展现出许多高度______行为，这些行为似乎驱动着它们的基因发展。”前一句提到，虎鲸也许不符合有文化的生物的形象。本句与前一句构成转折关系，说明虎鲸的行为可以体现出它们是有文化的，因此本空填人的形容词应该是褒义的，而且与有文化相关。备选形容词中H)humble和K)refined符合要求，但是H)humble“谦虚的，谦卑的”不符合句意，因此本题答案为K)refined“精妙的，完善的”。备选形容词中的A)acquired和C)brutal均不符合句意，因此排除。4【C4】标准答案：J知识点解析：副词辨析题。空格后面是动词m...

查看答案

科目：大学英语

学科：外国语言文学

感兴趣题目

The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has【C1】______from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming to life. In a【C2】______to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced【C3】______that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road. "Michigan's【C4】______in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to【C5】______our leadership in transportation. We can't let that happen," says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead【C6】______of four bills recently introduced. If all four bills pass as written, they would【C7】______a substantial update of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand【C8】______of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building. Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In【C9】______, California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more【C10】______rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self-driving technology. A) bid I) replace B) contrast J) represent C) deputy K) restrictive D) dominance L) reward E) fleets M) significant F) knots N) sponsor G) legislation O) transmitted H) migrated

Millions of people travel by plane every single day. If you're planning on being one of them soon, you might not be looking forward to the【C1】______feeling air travel often leaves you with. Besides the airport crowds and stress, traveling at a high altitude has real effects on the body. Although the pressure of the cabin is【C2】______to prevent altitude sickness, you could still【C3】______sleepiness or a headache. The lower oxygen pressure found in an aircraft cabin is【C4】______to that at 6,000-8,000 feet of altitude. A drop in oxygen pressure can cause headaches in certain【C5】______. To help prevent headaches, drink plenty of water, and avoid alcohol and coffee. Airplane food might not really be as tasteless as you【C6】______thought. The air you breathe in a plane dries out your mouth and nose, which can affect your sense of taste. Perception of sweet and salty foods dropped by almost 30 percent in a simulation of air travel. However, you can make your taste buds active again by drinking water. A dry mouth may【C7】______taste sensitivity, but taste is restored by drinking fluids. Although in-flight infections【C8】______in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of getting sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air【C9】______used. Unless you're sitting next to someone who is coughing or sneezing, you shouldn't worry too much about getting sick. However, bacteria have been shown to live on cabin surfaces, so wash your hands【C10】______. A) adjusted F) frequently K) reduce B) channels G) individuals L) renovated C) equivalent H) originally M) smooth D) experience I) particular N) thrive E) filters J) primarily O) unpleasant

Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the【C1】______of a new study that looked at how respiratory (呼吸道) viruses【C2】______on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, for example—or one row in front of or behind that individual—had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very【C3】______chance of getting sick, according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented【C4】______information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore, these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less【C5】______to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air. Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting【C6】______infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to【C7】______the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different【C8】______in the U. S. during the flu season. The researchers found that passengers sitting within two seats on【C9】______side of a person infected with the flu, as well as those sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance of getting sick. But other passengers were【C10】______safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu. A) accurate F) explorations K) slim B) conclusion G) flights L) spread C) directly H) largely M) summit D) either I) nearby N) vividly E) evaluate J) respond O) vulnerable

When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water? Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or【C1】______the ruins of Angkor. It's hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It's the safe thing to do, right? The bottle is【C2】______, and the label says "pure water". But maybe what's inside is not so【C3】______Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world【C4】______microplastics? That's the conclusion of a recently【C5】______study, which analysed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in nine countries,【C6】______an average of 325 plastic particles per litre of water. These microplastics included a【C7】______commonly known as PET and widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and【C8】______containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organisation. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water. Confronted with this【C9】______, several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and Coca-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organisation has launched a review into the【C10】______health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles. A) adequate F) instant K) released B) admiring G) liquid L) revealing C) contains H) modified M) sealed D) defending I) natural N) solves E) evidence J) potential O) substance

Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague? Delivered a【C1】______to a subordinate (下属) with a voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for【C2】______and productivity—and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that' s best—【C3】______when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient? We' ve【C4】______business communication consultants and etiquette (礼仪) experts to come up with the following guidelines for【C5】______using the alternative ways of delivering difficult messages. First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most【C6】______Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most【C7】______is email. Some of these may change order according to the【C8】______situation or your own preferences: for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice-mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you've got to deliver? "My【C9】______concern is: How can I soften or civilize this message?" says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. " So when I apologize, I usually choose in-person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a handwritten note next. Apologizing by email is something I now totally【C10】______"A) avoid I) rewardB) convenience J) silentC) effectively K) specificD) escape L) surveyedE) intimate M) unfriendlyF) particularly N) warningG) primary O) witnessed H) prompt

A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a persistent bad cough. No matter how many different【C1】______I tried, I still couldn' t get rid of the cough. Not only did it【C2】______my teaching but also my life as a whole. Then one day after class, a student came up to me and【C3】______traditional Chinese medicine. From her description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders. I was【C4】______because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before. Eventually, my cough got so much【C5】______that I couldn' t sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try. The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were new【C6】______to me because they are both nonexistent in Western medicine. Then the doctor gave me a scraping (刮) treatment known as " Gua Sha". I was a little【C7】______at first because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders. A few minutes later, the【C8】______strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began to【C9】______deeper into relaxation. I didn' t feel any improvement in my condition in the first couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started to【C10】______Then, within a matter of weeks, it was completely gone!A) deepen I) remediesB) experiences J) scaredC) hesitant K) sensitiveD) inconvenience L) sinkE) lessen M) temporaryF) licenses N) trembleG) pressured O) worse H) recommended

Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious【C1】______occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs【C2】______with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year. The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes【C3】______like home heating and cooking, has remained【C4】______over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray【C5】______it as an " urgent call to action". "One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little【C6】______," he said. The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income【C7】______nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low- and middle-income countries live in places where they【C8】______experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution. But the problem is not limited【C9】______to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U. S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel (柴油)【C10】______have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.A) ability I) exclusivelyB) associated J) innovatedC) consciously K) regularlyD) constant L) relatesE) control M) sourcesF) damage N) undermineG) described O) vehicles H) equals

Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of【C1】______Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze (霾). Nor is the state' s bad air【C2】______to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents' hearts and lungs are affected as a【C3】______. All of which, combined with California' s reputation as the home of technological【C4】______, makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in【C5】______And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring stations that are【C6】______to yield minute-to-minute maps of【C7】______air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices. To this end, Aclima has been【C8】______with Google' s Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima' s boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco' s transit workers went on strike and the city' s【C9】______were forced to use their cars. Conversely, "cycle to work" days have done their job by【C10】______pollution lows. A) assisted I) inhabitants B) collaborating J) innovation C) consequence K) intended D) consumers L) outdoor E) creating M) pollutants F) detail N) restricted G) domestic O) sum H) frequently

Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the【C1】______popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become【C2】______on computers throughout the day, and desktops—which keep doctors from bedsides— are【C3】______giving way to wireless devices. As clerical loads increased, "something had to【C4】______, and that was always face time with patients," says Dr. Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago's internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped【C5】______a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so【C6】______that all internal-medicine residents at the university now get iPads when they begin the program. Johns Hopkins' internal-medicine program adopted the same【C7】______in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. "You'll want an iPad just so you can wear this" is the slogan for one of the new lab coats【C8】______with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers. A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and【C9】______faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also【C10】______a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.A)dependent I)policyB)designed J)prospectC)fast K)ratherD)flying L)reliableE)gained M)signalF)give N)successfulG)growing O)treatments H)launch

Physical activity does the body good, and there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own,【C1】______to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a【C2】______of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic【C3】______, investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school,【C4】______in the basic subjects of math, English and reading. The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to【C5】______on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U. S.【C6】______in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be【C7】______exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood【C8】______to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are【C9】______to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve【C10】______and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they're running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.A)attendance I)moodB)consequently J)mutuallyC)current K)particularlyD)depressing L)performanceE)dropping M)reviewF)essential N)surviveG)feasible O)tend H)flow

Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are "male" and "female" brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study【C1】______ that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender. In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers【C2】______ for sex differences throughout the entire human brain. And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for【C3】______ brains as "male" or "female," research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle. Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based【C4】______ , many different types of brain can't always be distinguished by gender. While the "average" male and "average" female brains were【C5】______ different, you couldn't tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small【C6】______ of people had "all-male" or "all-female" characteristics. Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist(神经科学家), said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning【C7】______ beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same,【C8】______ of gender. "There's a mountain of evidence【C9】______ the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function,"he told The Seattle Times. If anything, he said, the study【C10】______ that gender plays a very important role in the brain—"even when we are not clear exactly how. "A)abnormal I)regardlessB)applied J)searchedC)briefly K)similaritiesD)categorizing L)slightlyE)challenges M)suggestsF)figure N)tastesG)percentage O)traditional H)proving